List of delegates to the Continental Congress
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The Continental Congress was initially a convention of delegates from several British American colonies at the height of the American Revolution era, who spoke and acted collectively for the people of the Thirteen Colonies that ultimately became the United States. The term mostly refers to the First Continental Congress of 1774 and the Second Continental Congress of 1775–1781. It also refers to the Congress of the Confederation of 1781–1789, which covers the period following the establishment of American independence with the end of the Revolutionary War. During this period, the Continental Congress served as the chief legislative and executive body of the U.S. government.
The unicameral Congress of the Confederation, officially styled "The United States in Congress Assembled," was composed of delegates elected by the legislature of the various states. The Confederation Congress was the immediate successor to the Second Continental Congress; and delegates to it were similarly chosen. Many of the delegates to the initial 1775 session of the Second Continental Congress had also attended the previous First Continental Congress. Altogether, The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress lists 343 men who served as delegates to the Continental Congress in three incarnations from 1774 to 1789; also listed are another 90 persons who were elected as delegates but never served.
Background
[edit]Convened in response to the Intolerable Acts passed by the British Parliament earlier that year, the 56 delegates to the First Continental Congress sought to help repair the frayed relationship between the British government and its American colonies. They passed the Continental Association, an economic boycott of Great Britain, and petitioned the king for a redress of grievances. They also resolved to reconvene in May 1775 if necessary.
Delegates from the various colonies did indeed reconvene for a Second Continental Congress as scheduled, but by the time they gathered, the Revolutionary War had begun. Moderates in the Congress still hoped that the colonies could be reconciled with Great Britain, but a movement towards independence steadily gained ground. At this juncture Congress simultaneously sent an Olive Branch Petition to King George III, hoping for a rapprochement, and issued a Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, which contained the words "Our cause is just. Our union is perfect... being with one mind resolved to die freemen rather than to live slaves...".
Congress functioned as a de facto national government from the outset by establishing the Continental Army, directing strategy, and appointing diplomats. It eventually adopted the Lee Resolution which established the new country on July 2, 1776, and it agreed to the Declaration of Independence two days later.
Afterward, the Congress functioned as the provisional government of the United States through March 1, 1781. During this period, in addition to successfully managing the war effort, its primary achievements included: drafting the Articles of Confederation, the first U.S. Constitution; securing diplomatic recognition and support from foreign nations; and resolving state land claims west of the Appalachian Mountains. When the Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states, the Continental Congress became the Congress of the Confederation, which helped guide the new nation through the final stages of the Revolutionary War. Under the Articles, the Confederation Congress had limited power. It could declare war, sign treaties, and settle disputes between the states. It could also borrow or print money, but did not have the power to tax; nor could it compel the individual states to comply with its decisions. It convened in eight sessions (a ninth failed to achieve a quorum) prior to being supplanted in 1789, when the United States Congress became the nation's legislative branch of government under a new Constitution.
Article V of the Articles of Confederation
[edit]Article V of the Articles of Confederation for the annual election of delegates to Congress by legislatures of the various states to terms that commenced on the first Monday in November, in every year. Each state could send 2–7 delegates, and no person was permitted to serve as a delegate for more than three years within a span of six years. State legislatures also had the authority to recall or to replace its delegates at any time. Prior to 1781, delegates to the Continental Congress served at the pleasure of the state legislature that commissioned them; neither term limits nor specific start– / end–date of service existed.
For the most convenient management of the general interests of the United States, delegates shall be annually appointed in such manner as the legislatures of each State shall direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday in November, in every year, with a power reserved to each State to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send others in their stead for the remainder of the year.
No State shall be represented in Congress by less than two, nor more than seven members; and no person shall be capable of being a delegate for more than three years in any term of six years; nor shall any person, being a delegate, be capable of holding any office under the United States, for which he, or another for his benefit, receives any salary, fees or emolument of any kind.
Each State shall maintain its own delegates in a meeting of the States, and while they act as members of the committee of the States.
In determining questions in the United States in Congress assembled, each State shall have one vote.
Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Congress, and the members of Congress shall be protected in their persons from arrests or imprisonments, during the time of their going to and from, and attendance on Congress, except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace.[1]
Elected delegates who participated
[edit]The following tables list the 343 people who served in Congress: 1st Continental, 2nd Continental, or Confederation, between 1774 and 1789, as well as the year(s) of their active participation.
Connecticut
[edit]| Name | 1st Continental Congress |
2nd Continental Congress |
Confederation Congress |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andrew Adams | 1778 | ||
| Joseph Platt Cooke | 1784–1785; 1787–1788 | ||
| Silas Deane | 1774 | 1775–1776 | |
| Eliphalet Dyer | 1774 | 1775–1779 | 1782–1783 |
| Pierpont Edwards | 1788 | ||
| Oliver Ellsworth[2] | 1778–1781 | 1781–1783 | |
| Titus Hosmer | 1778 | ||
| Benjamin Huntington | 1780 | 1782–1783; 1788 | |
| Samuel Huntington | 1776; 1778–1781 | 1781; 1783 | |
| William Samuel Johnson | 1785–1787 | ||
| Richard Law | 1777 | 1781–1782 | |
| Stephen Mix Mitchell | 1785–1788 | ||
| Jesse Root | 1778–1781 | 1781–1782 | |
| Roger Sherman[3] | 1774 | 1775–1781 | 1781; 1783–1784 |
| Joseph Spencer | 1779 | ||
| Jonathan Sturges | 1786 | ||
| James Wadsworth | 1784 | ||
| Jeremiah Wadsworth | 1788 | ||
| William Williams | 1776–1777 | ||
| Oliver Wolcott | 1776–1778; 1781 | 1781–1783 | |
| Source (unless otherwise noted):[4] | |||
Delaware
[edit]| Name | 1st Continental Congress |
2nd Continental Congress |
Confederation Congress |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gunning Bedford Jr. | 1783–1785 | ||
| John Dickinson[a] | 1779 | ||
| Philemon Dickinson | 1782–1783 | ||
| Dyre Kearney | 1787–1788 | ||
| Eleazer McComb | 1783–1784 | ||
| Thomas McKean | 1774 | 1775–1776; 1778–1781 | 1781–1782 |
| Nathaniel Mitchell | 1787–1788 | ||
| John Patten | 1786 | ||
| William Peery | 1786 | ||
| George Read | 1774 | 1775–1777 | |
| Caesar Rodney | 1774 | 1775–1776 | |
| Thomas Rodney | 1781–1782; 1786 | ||
| James Sykes | 1777 | ||
| James Tilton | 1783–1784 | ||
| Nicholas Van Dyke | 1777–1781 | 1781 | |
| John Vining | 1784–1785 | ||
| Samuel Wharton | 1782–1783 | ||
| Source (unless otherwise noted):[4] | |||
Georgia
[edit]| Name | 1st Continental Congress |
2nd Continental Congress |
Confederation Congress |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abraham Baldwin | 1785; 1787–1788 | ||
| Nathan Brownson | 1777 | ||
| Archibald Bulloch | 1775 | ||
| William Few | 1780–1781 | 1781–1782; 1786–1788 | |
| William Gibbons | 1784 | ||
| Button Gwinnett | 1776 | ||
| John Habersham | 1785 | ||
| Lyman Hall | 1775–1777 | ||
| John Houstoun | 1775 | ||
| William Houstoun | 1784–1786 | ||
| Richard Howly | 1780–1781 | 1781 | |
| Noble Wimberly Jones | 1781–1782 | ||
| Edward Langworthy | 1777–1779 | ||
| William Pierce | 1778; 1780–1781 | 1781–1782 | |
| Edward Telfair | 1778; 1780–1781 | 1781–1782 | |
| George Walton | 1776–1777; 1780–1781 | 1781 | |
| John Walton | 1778 | ||
| Joseph Wood | 1777–1778 | ||
| John Joachim Zubly | 1775 | ||
| Source (unless otherwise noted):[4] | |||
Maryland
[edit]Massachusetts Bay
[edit]| Name | 1st Continental Congress |
2nd Continental Congress |
Confederation Congress |
|---|---|---|---|
| John Adams | 1774 | 1775–1777 | |
| Samuel Adams | 1774 | 1775–1781 | 1781 |
| Thomas Cushing | 1774 | 1775–1776 | |
| Francis Dana | 1777–1778 | 1784 | |
| Nathan Dane | 1785–1788 | ||
| Elbridge Gerry | 1776–1780 | 1783–1785 | |
| Nathaniel Gorham[13] | 1782–1783; 1785–1787 | ||
| John Hancock | 1775–1778 | ||
| Stephen Higginson | 1783 | ||
| Samuel Holten | 1778–1780 | 1783–1785; 1787 | |
| Jonathan Jackson | 1782 | ||
| Rufus King | 1784–1787 | ||
| James Lovell | 1777–1781 | 1781–1782 | |
| John Lowell | 1782 | ||
| Samuel Osgood | 1781–1784 | ||
| Samuel Allyne Otis | 1787–1788 | ||
| Robert Treat Paine | 1774 | 1775–1776 | |
| George Partridge | 1779–1781 | 1781–1785 | |
| Theodore Sedgwick | 1785–1786; 1788 | ||
| George Thatcher | 1787–1789 | ||
| Artemas Ward | 1780–1781 | 1781 | |
| Source (unless otherwise noted):[4] | |||
New Hampshire
[edit]| Name | 1st Continental Congress |
2nd Continental Congress |
Confederation Congress |
|---|---|---|---|
| Josiah Bartlett | 1775–1776; 1778 | ||
| Jonathan Blanchard | 1784 | ||
| Nathaniel Folsom | 1774 | 1777–1780 | |
| Abiel Foster | 1783–1785 | ||
| George Frost | 1777–1779 | ||
| John Taylor Gilman | 1782–1783 | ||
| Nicholas Gilman | 1787–1789 | ||
| John Langdon | 1775–1776 | 1787 | |
| Woodbury Langdon | 1779 | ||
| Samuel Livermore | 1780–1781 | 1781–1782; 1785–1786 | |
| Pierse Long | 1785–1786 | ||
| Nathaniel Peabody | 1779–1780 | ||
| John Sullivan | 1774 | 1775–1775; 1780–1781 | 1781 |
| Matthew Thornton | 1776–1777 | ||
| John Wentworth Jr. | 1778 | ||
| William Whipple | 1776–1779 | ||
| Phillips White | 1782–1783 | ||
| Paine Wingate | 1788 | ||
| Source (unless otherwise noted):[4] | |||
New Jersey
[edit]| Name | 1st Continental Congress |
2nd Continental Congress |
Confederation Congress |
|---|---|---|---|
| John Beatty | 1784–1785 | ||
| Elias Boudinot | 1778 | 1781–1783 | |
| William Burnet | 1780–1781 | 1781 | |
| Lambert Cadwalader | 1785–1787 | ||
| Abraham Clark | 1776–1778; 1780–1781 | 1781–1783; 1786–1788 | |
| Silas Condict | 1781–1783 | ||
| Stephen Crane | 1774 | 1775–1776 | |
| Jonathan Dayton | 1787–1788 | ||
| John De Hart | 1774 | 1775–1776 | |
| Samuel Dick | 1784–1785 | ||
| Jonathan Elmer | 1777–1778 | 1781–1783; 1787–1788 | |
| John Fell | 1778–1780 | ||
| Frederick Frelinghuysen[14] | 1778–1779 | 1782–1783 | |
| John Hart | 1776 | ||
| Francis Hopkinson | 1776 | ||
| Josiah Hornblower | 1785–1786 | ||
| William Houston | 1779–1781 | 1784–1785 | |
| James Kinsey | 1774 | 1775 | |
| William Livingston | 1774 | 1775–1776 | |
| James Schureman | 1786–1787 | ||
| Nathaniel Scudder | 1778–1779 | ||
| Jonathan Sergeant | 1776–1777 | ||
| Richard Smith | 1774 | 1775–1776 | |
| John Stevens | 1784 | ||
| Charles Stewart | 1784–1785 | ||
| Richard Stockton | 1776 | ||
| John Cleves Symmes | 1785–1786 | ||
| John Witherspoon | 1776–1781 | 1781–1782 | |
| Source (unless otherwise noted):[4] | |||
New York
[edit]| Name | 1st Continental Congress |
2nd Continental Congress |
Confederation Congress |
|---|---|---|---|
| John Alsop | 1774 | 1775–1776 | |
| Egbert Benson | 1784; 1787–1788 | ||
| Simon Boerum | 1774 | 1775 | |
| George Clinton | 1775–1776 | ||
| Charles DeWitt | 1784 | ||
| James Duane | 1774 | 1775–1781 | 1781–1783 |
| William Duer | 1777–1778 | ||
| William Floyd | 1774 | 1775–1776; 1779–1781 | 1781–1783 |
| Leonard Gansevoort | 1788 | ||
| David Gelston | 1789 | ||
| Alexander Hamilton | 1782–1783; 1788 | ||
| John Haring | 1774 | 1785–1787 | |
| John Jay[15] | 1774 | 1775–1778 | |
| John Lansing Jr. | 1785 | ||
| John Laurance | 1785–1787 | ||
| Francis Lewis | 1775–1779 | ||
| Ezra L'Hommedieu | 1779–1781 | 1781–1783; 1788 | |
| Philip Livingston | 1774[16] | 1775–1778 | |
| Robert R. Livingston | 1775–1776; 1779–1780 | 1784 | |
| Walter Livingston | 1784–1785 | ||
| Isaac Low | 1774 | ||
| Alexander McDougall | 1781 | ||
| Gouverneur Morris | 1778–1779 | ||
| Lewis Morris | 1775–1777 | ||
| Ephraim Paine | 1784 | ||
| Philip Pell | 1789 | ||
| Zephaniah Platt | 1785–1786 | ||
| Philip Schuyler | 1775; 1777; 1779–1780 | ||
| John Morin Scott | 1780; 1782 | 1781–1783 | |
| Melancton Smith | 1785–1787 | ||
| Henry Wisner | 1774[16] | 1775–1776 | |
| Abraham Yates | 1787–1788 | ||
| Peter W. Yates | 1786 | ||
| Source (unless otherwise noted):[4] | |||
North Carolina
[edit]| Name | 1st Continental Congress |
2nd Continental Congress |
Confederation Congress |
|---|---|---|---|
| John B. Ashe | 1787 | ||
| Timothy Bloodworth | 1786 | ||
| William Blount | 1782–1783; 1786–1787 | ||
| Thomas Burke | 1777–1781 | 1781 | |
| Robert Burton | 1787 | ||
| Richard Caswell | 1774 | 1775 | |
| William Cumming | 1785 | ||
| Cornelius Harnett | 1777–1779 | ||
| Benjamin Hawkins | 1781–1783; 1787 | ||
| Joseph Hewes | 1774 | 1775–1776; 1779 | |
| Whitmell Hill | 1778–1780 | ||
| William Hooper | 1774 | 1775–1777 | |
| Samuel Johnston | 1780–1781 | 1781 | |
| Allen Jones | 1779–1780 | ||
| Willie Jones | 1780 | ||
| Abner Nash | 1782–1783 | ||
| John Penn | 1775–1780 | ||
| William Sharpe | 1779–1781 | 1781 | |
| John Sitgreaves | 1785 | ||
| Richard Dobbs Spaight | 1783–1785 | ||
| John Swann | 1788 | ||
| James White | 1786–1788 | ||
| John Williams | 1778–1779 | ||
| Hugh Williamson[17] | 1782–1785; 1787–1788 | ||
| Source (unless otherwise noted):[4] | |||
Pennsylvania
[edit]Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
[edit]| Name | 1st Continental Congress |
2nd Continental Congress |
Confederation Congress |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jonathan Arnold | 1782–1783 | ||
| Peleg Arnold | 1787–1788 | ||
| John Collins | 1778–1780 | 1782–1783 | |
| Ezekiel Cornell | 1780–1781 | 1781–1782 | |
| William Ellery | 1776–1781 | 1781–1785 | |
| John Gardner | 1789 | ||
| Jonathan Hazard | 1788 | ||
| Stephen Hopkins | 1774 | 1775–1776 | |
| David Howell | 1782–1785 | ||
| James Manning | 1786 | ||
| Henry Marchant | 1777–1779 | ||
| Nathan Miller | 1786 | ||
| Daniel Mowry Jr. | 1780–1781 | 1781–1782 | |
| James Mitchell Varnum | 1780–1781 | 1781; 1787 | |
| Samuel Ward | 1774 | 1775–1776 | |
| Source (unless otherwise noted):[4] | |||
South Carolina
[edit]| Name | 1st Continental Congress |
2nd Continental Congress |
Confederation Congress |
|---|---|---|---|
| Robert Barnwell | 1789 | ||
| Thomas Bee | 1780–1781 | 1781–1782 | |
| Richard Beresford | 1783–1784 | ||
| John Bull | 1784–1787 | ||
| Pierce Butler | 1787 | ||
| William Henry Drayton | 1778–1779 | ||
| Nicholas Eveleigh | 1781–1782 | ||
| Christopher Gadsden | 1774 | 1775–1776 | |
| John Lewis Gervais | 1782–1783 | ||
| Thomas Heyward Jr. | 1776–1778 | ||
| Daniel Huger | 1786–1788 | ||
| Richard Hutson | 1778–1779 | ||
| Ralph Izard | 1782–1783 | ||
| John Kean | 1785–1787 | ||
| Francis Kinloch | 1780 | ||
| Henry Laurens | 1777–1780 | ||
| Thomas Lynch | 1774 | 1775–1776 | |
| Thomas Lynch Jr. | 1775–1776 | ||
| John Mathews | 1778–1781 | 1781 | |
| Arthur Middleton | 1776–1777 | 1781–1782 | |
| Henry Middleton | 1774 | 1775 | |
| Isaac Motte | 1780–1781 | 1781–1782 | |
| John Parker | 1786–1788 | ||
| Charles Pinckney | 1785–1787 | ||
| David Ramsay | 1782–1783, 1785–1786 | ||
| Jacob Read | 1783–1785 | ||
| Edward Rutledge | 1774 | 1775–1776 | |
| John Rutledge[28] | 1774 | 1775–1776 | 1782–1783 |
| Thomas Tudor Tucker | 1787–1788 | ||
| Source (unless otherwise noted):[4] | |||
Virginia
[edit]| Name | 1st Continental Congress |
2nd Continental Congress |
Confederation Congress |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thomas Adams | 1778–1779 | ||
| John Banister | 1778 | ||
| Richard Bland | 1774 | 1775 | |
| Theodorick Bland | 1780–1781 | 1781–1783 | |
| Carter Braxton | 1776 | ||
| John Brown | 1787–1788 | ||
| Edward Carrington | 1786–1788 | ||
| John Dawson[29] | 1788–1789 | ||
| William Fitzhugh | 1779 | ||
| William Fleming | 1779 | ||
| William Grayson[29] | 1784–1787 | ||
| Cyrus Griffin | 1778–1780 | 1787–1788 | |
| Samuel Hardy | 1783–1785 | ||
| Benjamin Harrison[29] | 1774 | 1775–1778 | |
| John Harvie | 1777–1778 | ||
| James Henry | 1780 | ||
| Patrick Henry | 1774 | 1775 | |
| Thomas Jefferson | 1775–1776 | 1783–1784 | |
| Joseph Jones | 1777; 1780–1781 | 1781–1783 | |
| Arthur Lee | 1782–1784 | ||
| Francis Lightfoot Lee | 1775–1779 | ||
| Henry Lee | 1786–1788 | ||
| Richard Henry Lee | 1774 | 1775–1779 | 1784–1785; 1787 |
| James Madison | 1780–1781 | 1781–1783; 1787–1788 | |
| James Mercer | 1779 | ||
| John Francis Mercer | 1783–1784 | ||
| James Monroe | 1783–1786 | ||
| Thomas Nelson Jr. | 1775–1777; 1779 | ||
| Mann Page | 1777 | ||
| Edmund Pendleton | 1774 | 1775 | |
| Edmund Randolph | 1779 | 1781–1782 | |
| Peyton Randolph | 1774 | 1775 | |
| Meriwether Smith | 1778; 1780–1781 | 1781 | |
| John Walker | 1780 | ||
| George Washington | 1774 | 1775 | |
| George Wythe | 1775–1776 | ||
| Source (unless otherwise noted):[4] | |||
Elected delegates who did not participate
[edit]The following table lists the 90 people who were elected to Congress: 1st Continental, 2nd Continental, or Confederation, between 1774 and 1789, but who did not participate, as well as the year(s) of their election.
| Name | State | Year(s) elected |
|---|---|---|
| Benjamin Andrew | Georgia | 1780 |
| Samuel Ashley | New Hampshire | 1779 |
| George Atkinson | New Hampshire | 1780, 1785 |
| John Barnwell | South Carolina | 1784 |
| Gunning Bedford Sr. | Delaware | 1786 |
| Benjamin Bellows | New Hampshire | 1781 |
| John Blair, Jr. | Virginia | 1781 |
| James Bowdoin | Massachusetts | 1774 |
| William Bradford | Rhode Island | 1776 |
| Ephraim Brevard | North Carolina | 1781 |
| John Brown | Rhode Island | 1784, 1785 |
| John Canfield | Connecticut | 1786 |
| George Champlin | Rhode Island | 1785, 1786 |
| Charles C. Chandler | Connecticut | 1784 |
| John Chester | Connecticut | 1787, 1788 |
| Matthew Clarkson | Pennsylvania | 1785 |
| Joseph Clay | Georgia | 1778 |
| John Cooper | New Jersey | 1776 |
| Tristram Dalton | Massachusetts | 1783, 1784 |
| Timothy Danielson | Massachusetts | 1780, 1782, 1783 |
| Elias Dayton | New Jersey | 1778 |
| Moses Dow | New Hampshire | 1784 |
| Samuel Duffield | Pennsylvania | 1777 |
| Timothy Edwards | Massachusetts | 1778 |
| Samuel Elbert | Georgia | 1784 |
| John Evans | Delaware | 1776 |
| Sylvester Gardner | Rhode Island | 1787 |
| Edward Giles | Maryland | 1782 |
| Alexander Gillon | South Carolina | 1784 |
| Isaac Grantham | Delaware | 1787 |
| James Gunn | Georgia | 1787 |
| Joseph Habersham | Georgia | 1784 |
| John Hathorn | New York | 1788 |
| Thomas Henderson | New Jersey | 1779 |
| James Hillhouse | Connecticut | 1786, 1788 |
| William Hillhouse | Connecticut | 1783, 1785 |
| Thomas Holden | Rhode Island | 1788, 1789 |
| Charles Johnson | North Carolina | 1781, 1784, 1785 |
| Gabriel Jones | Virginia | 1779 |
| Samuel Jones | New York | 1788 |
| Henry Latimer | Delaware | 1784 |
| Levi Lincoln | Massachusetts | 1781 |
| Rawlins Lowndes | South Carolina | 1779 |
| Nathaniel Macon | North Carolina | 1785 |
| Daniel Manton | Rhode Island | 1787 |
| Alexander Martin | North Carolina | 1786 |
| Luther Martin | Virginia | 1784 |
| George Mason | Virginia | 1777 |
| Joseph McDowell | North Carolina | 1787 |
| Lachlan McIntosh | Georgia | 1784 |
| John McKinly | Delaware | 1784 |
| William Montgomery | Pennsylvania | 1784 |
| William Moore | Pennsylvania | 1777 |
| William Moultrie | South Carolina | 1784 |
| Paul Mumford | Rhode Island | 1785 |
| John Neilson | New Jersey | 1778 |
| Joseph Nicholson | Maryland | 1777 |
| William O'Bryen | Georgia | 1789 |
| Adlai Osborne | North Carolina | 1784 |
| Henry Osborne | Georgia | 1786 |
| William Paterson | New Jersey | 1780, 1787 |
| Samuel Patterson | Delaware | 1784 |
| Elisha Payne | New Hampshire | 1784 |
| Nathaniel Pendleton | Georgia | 1789 |
| Thomas Person | North Carolina | 1784 |
| Peter Phillips | Rhode Island | 1785 |
| John Pickering | New Hampshire | 1787 |
| William Pitkin | Connecticut | 1784 |
| Thomas Polk | North Carolina | 1786 |
| Richard Ridgely | Maryland | 1784, 1785 |
| Gustavus Scott | Maryland | 1784 |
| William Smallwood | Maryland | 1784 |
| Benjamin Smith | North Carolina | 1784 |
| John Sparhawk | New Hampshire | 1786 |
| Samuel Stirk | Georgia | 1781 |
| John Stokes | North Carolina | 1787 |
| Caleb Strong | Massachusetts | 1780 |
| Jedediah Strong | Connecticut | 1782, 1784, 1784 |
| James Sullivan | Massachusetts | 1782, 1783 |
| Thomas Sumter | South Carolina | 1783 |
| Ebenezer Thompson | New Hampshire | 1778, 1783 |
| John Treadwell | Connecticut | 1784, 1785, 1787 |
| Paul Trapier | South Carolina | 1777 |
| Joseph Trumbull | Connecticut | 1774 |
| Timothy Walker Jr. | New Hampshire | 1777, 1778, 1782, 1785 |
| James Warren | Massachusetts | 1782 |
| Joshua Wentworth | New York | 1779 |
| Benjamin West | New Hampshire | 1787 |
| Stephen West | Virginia | 1780 |
| Erastus Wolcott | North Carolina | 1774, 1787, 1788 |
| Source (unless otherwise noted):[4] | ||
See also
[edit]- Founding Fathers of the United States, includes a listing of which Founding Fathers signed one or more of the era's formative state documents
- Journals of the Continental Congress
- Charles Thomson, secretary of the Continental Congress
- History of the United States (1776–1789)
- Perpetual Union
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Articles of Confederation : March 1, 1781". Avalon Project. New Haven, Connecticut: Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law School. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- ^ "Ellsworth, Oliver". Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. Washington, D.C.: Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ Wright, Robert K. Jr.; MacGregor, Morris J. Jr. (1987). "Roger Sherman". Soldier–Statesmen of the Constitution. United States Army Center of Military History. pp. 169–171. CMH Pub 71-25. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Dodge, Andrew R.; Koed, Betty K., eds. (2005). "Delegates in the Continental Congress" (PDF). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–2005. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 34–38. ISBN 0-16-073176-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 17, 2008. Retrieved May 6, 2019 – via Internet Archive, September 17, 2008.
- ^ "Charles Carroll, the barrister (1723-1783)". MSA Biographical Series. Annapolis, Maryland: Maryland State Archives. December 1, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
- ^ "Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737-1832)". MSA Biographical Series. Annapolis, Maryland: Maryland State Archives. December 28, 2000. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
- ^ "Daniel Carroll (1730-1796)". MSA Biographical Series. Annapolis, Maryland: Maryland State Archives. November 25, 2012. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
- ^ "Chase, Samuel". Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. Washington, D.C.: Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ "John Hanson (1721-1783)". MSA Biographical Series. Annapolis, Maryland: Maryland State Archives. January 24, 2003. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
- ^ "Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer (1723-1790)". MSA Biographical Series. Annapolis, Maryland: Maryland State Archives. December 17, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
- ^ "Johnson, Thomas". Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. Washington, D.C.: Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ "Matthew Tilghman (1717/18-1790)". MSA Biographical Series. Annapolis, Maryland: Maryland State Archives. October 11, 2002. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
- ^ Wright, Robert K. Jr.; MacGregor, Morris J. Jr. (1987). "Nathaniel Gorham". Soldier–Statesmen of the Constitution. United States Army Center of Military History. pp. 155–156. CMH Pub 71-25. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
- ^ "Major General Frederick Frelinghuysen". New Jersey Society of the Cincinnati. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
- ^ "Jay, John". Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. Washington, D.C.: Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ a b "First Continental Congress: Proceedings of the First Continental Congress". ushistory.org. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Independence Hall Association. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
- ^ "Hugh Williamson 1735–1819". Penn People. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ "Andrew Allen 1740–1825". Penn People. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ "Edward Biddle 1738–1779". Penn People. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ "David Jackson 1747–1801". Penn People. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ "Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg 1750–1801". Penn People. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ "Charles Pettit 1736–1806". Penn People. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ "Rush, Benjamin, (1746–1813)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Washington, D.C.: House Office of History and Preservation, Senate Office of the Historian. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ "James Searle 1733–1797". Penn People. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ "William Shippen 1712–1801". Penn People. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ "Jonathan B. Smith 1742–1812". Penn People. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ "James Wilson 1742–1798". Penn People. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ "Rutledge, John". Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. Washington, D.C.: Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ^ a b c "Members of the Continental Congress from Virginia". The Hornbook of Virginia History. April 16, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2019 – via Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, December 3, 2018.
Further reading
[edit]- Burnett, Edward Cody (1941). The Continental Congress. New York, New York: Macmillan Company.
- Garraty, John A.; Carnes, Mark C., gen. eds. (1999, 2002 supplement). American National Biography. 24 volumes. New York, New York: Oxford University Press (for the American Council of Learned Societies). OCLC 39182280. Official website (subscription required).
- Marshall, James V. (1856). The United States manual of biography and history: comprising lives of the presidents and vice presidents of the United States, and the cabinet officers, from the adoption of the Constitution to the present day. Also, lives of the signers of the Declaration of independence, and of the old Articles of confederation, of the framers of the Constitution of the United States, and of the chief justices of the Supreme court of the United States. With authentic copies of the Declaration of independence, the Articles of confederation, and the Constitution of the United States. To which is prefixed an introductory history of the United States. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J. B. Smith & co. – via Internet Archive, April 30, 2009.
- Purcell, L. Edward (1993). Who Was Who in the American Revolution. New York, New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-2107-9.