Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II

Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II
Traditional Chinese	國語注音符號第二式
Simplified Chinese	国语注音符号第二式
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Guóyǔ Zhùyīn Fúhào Dì'èr Shì

Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (MPS II) is a romanization system formerly used in Taiwan. It was created to replace the complex Gwoyeu Romatzyh system, which used tonal spelling—and to co-exist with the Wade–Giles romanization as well as bopomofo. It is sometimes referred to as Gwoyeu Romatzyh 2 or GR2.

History

Based on the earlier and more complex Gwoyeu Romatzyh, the tentative version of MPS II was released on May 10, 1984, by the Ministry of Education under the Chiang Ching-kuo administration. After two years of feedback from the general public, the official version was established on January 28, 1986. To distinguish bopomofo (注音符號; zhùyīn fúhào) from MPS II, the former is officially called "Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I" (國語注音符號第一式).

Despite its official status for almost two decades until it was replaced by Tongyong Pinyin in 2002, MPS II existed only in some governmental publications (such as travel brochures and dictionaries). However, MPS II was not used for the official romanized names of Taiwanese places, though many road signs replaced during this period use it. It never gained the same status as did Wade–Giles. It is virtually unused overseas.

Table

Initials

		Bilabial		Labiodental	Alveolar		Retroflex		Alveolo-palatal	Velar
		Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiceless
Nasal			m [m] ㄇ m			n [n] ㄋ n
Plosive	Unaspirated	b [p] ㄅ b			d [t] ㄉ d					g [k] ㄍ g
	Aspirated	p [pʰ] ㄆ p			t [tʰ] ㄊ t					k [kʰ] ㄎ k
Affricate	Unaspirated				tz [ts] ㄗ z		j [ʈʂ] ㄓ zh		j [tɕ] ㄐ j
	Aspirated				ts [tsʰ] ㄘ c		ch [ʈʂʰ] ㄔ ch		ch [tɕʰ] ㄑ q
Fricative				f [f] ㄈ f	s [s] ㄙ s		sh [ʂ] ㄕ sh		sh [ɕ] ㄒ x	h [x] ㄏ h
Liquid						l [l] ㄌ l		r [ɻ~ʐ] ㄖ r

Finals

		Coda
		∅			/i/		/u/		/n/		/ŋ/		/ɻ/
Medial	∅	r/z [ɨ] ㄭ -i	e [ɤ] ㄜ e	a [a] ㄚ a	ei [ei] ㄟ ei	ai [ai] ㄞ ai	ou [ou] ㄡ ou	au [au] ㄠ ao	en [ən] ㄣ en	an [an] ㄢ an	eng [əŋ] ㄥ eng	ang [aŋ] ㄤ ang	er [aɚ] ㄦ er
	/j/	i [i] ㄧ i	ie [je] ㄧㄝ ie	ia [ja] ㄧㄚ ia			iou [jou] ㄧㄡ iu	iau [jau] ㄧㄠ iao	in [in] ㄧㄣ in	ian [jɛn] ㄧㄢ ian	ing [iŋ] ㄧㄥ ing	iang [jaŋ] ㄧㄤ iang
	/w/	u [u] ㄨ u	uo [wo] ㄨㄛ uo	ua [wa] ㄨㄚ ua	uei [wei] ㄨㄟ ui	uai [wai] ㄨㄞ uai			uen [wən] ㄨㄣ un	uan [wan] ㄨㄢ uan	ung [ʊŋ] ㄨㄥ ong	uang [waŋ] ㄨㄤ uang
	/y/	iu [y] ㄩ ü	iue [ɥe] ㄩㄝ üe						iun [yn] ㄩㄣ ün	iuan [ɥɛn] ㄩㄢ üan	iung [jʊŋ] ㄩㄥ iong

Features

• Indication of tone by respelling, as used in Gwoyeu Romatzyh, is eliminated. Syllables are spelled like its tone one for non-nasal initials, and like tone two for nasal initials. Tone is then marked with four diacritics identical to Zhuyin's.
• The romanization of the consonants is identical to Gwoyeu Romatzyh's.
• The empty rime /ɨ/ is treated in the same way as Yale romanization:
  • It uses r for both:
    • ㄖ (pinyin r), and
    • what is written in pinyin as i after zh, ch, sh, r. (The use of r has a tonal diacritic on it and is always final.)
  • It uses z for both:
    • ㄗ (pinyin z), and
    • what is written in pinyin as i after z, c, s. (The use of z has a tonal diacritic on it and is always final.)
    • The z is not written after tz (no tzz), however. Tz corresponds to Pinyin zi (and Yale dz).
• Like GR, -iou, -uen, and -uei are all written out, unlike the Pinyin/Wade -iu, -un, and -ui.
• GR's au persists, as opposed to the ao of Pinyin, Wade-Giles, and the later Tongyong Pinyin.
• GR's iu (Pinyin ü) is written as -iu and yu (alone).
• GR's -ong is spelled now -ung (like Wade-Giles).
• GR's el is spelled now er (like Pinyin).
• Y- and w- are added to or replace i and u (respectively), similarly to Gwoyeu Romatzyh and identical to Pinyin.

An example phrase, "The second type of Chinese phonetic symbols":

Hanzi	國語注音符號第二式
Pinyin	guóyǔ zhùyīn fúhào dì'èr shì
MPS II	guó-yǔ jù-yīn fú-hàu dì-èr shr̀
GR	gwoyeu juh'in fwuhaw dih'ell shyh

Spaces are generally used in place of hyphens, except in personal names, which use hyphens in between the syllables of the given names.

External links

• Standard Mandarin Pinyin Table The complete listing of all Pinyin syllables used in standard Mandarin, along with native speaker pronunciation for each syllable.
• Conversion chart (syllable level)
• ROC government booklet on MPS II (in English and Chinese)
• Taiwan's official romanization system: MPS2