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West Herzegovina Canton

Coordinates: 43°24′N 17°25′E / 43.400°N 17.417°E / 43.400; 17.417
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West Herzegovina Canton
Županija Zapadnohercegovačka
Location of West Herzegovina Canton
Capital
and largest city
Široki Brijeg
43°24′N 17°25′E / 43.400°N 17.417°E / 43.400; 17.417
Official languagesCroatian
Ethnic groups
(2013[1])
98.8% Croats
1.2% others
Demonym(s)West Herzegovinian
GovernmentParliamentary system
• Premier
Predrag Čović (HDZ BiH)
• President of Assembly
Ivan Jelčić (HDZ BiH)
LegislatureAssembly of the West Herzegovina Canton
Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Establishment
12 June 1996
Area
• Total
1,362 km2 (526 sq mi)
Population
• 2013 census
94,898
• Density
71.87/km2 (186.1/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2022 estimate
• Per capita
23.378 USD
GDP (nominal)2022 estimate
• Total
USD 375.825 million
• Per capita
USD 9.568
HDI0.812
very high
CurrencyBAM
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+2 (CEST)
Date formatdd-mm-yyyy
Drives onright
Website
vladazzh.com

The West Herzegovina Canton (Croatian: Županija Zapadnohercegovačka) is one of the cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The West Herzegovina Canton is in the Herzegovina region in the southwest of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its seat of government is in Široki Brijeg, while other municipalities within the Canton are Grude, Ljubuški and Posušje. It has 94,898 inhabitants, of whom more than 98% are ethnic Croats. Economically, it is the most developed part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

History

[edit]

The majority of the present-day West Herzegovina Canton was part of Zachlumia, the medieval South Slavic principality. In the 15th century, it became part of the Duchy of Saint Sava under Stjepan Vukčić Kosača, who proclaimed himself the herzog (duke), thus giving the name for the whole region - Herzegovina. The Ottomans conquered Herzegovina in 1483 when the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton became part of the Sanjak of Herzegovina. In 1833 the Sanjak of Herzegovina became more autonomous under Ali-paša Rizvanbegović, who became pasha of the Herzegovina Eyalet, however, after his death, Herzegovina once again became a sanjak. In 1878 the whole territory was occupied and later in 1908 annexed by the Austria-Hungary, who held it until 1918. During that time, the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton was part of the District of Mostar in the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Ruins of an ancient fort dating back to the Roman Period, in Humac

After the collapse of Austria-Hungary and after the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton remained part of the District of Mostar. However, with the creation of banovinas in 1929, the territory became part of the Littoral Banovina, and in 1939 it was incorporated in the Banovina of Croatia, where it de iure remained until 1943.

During World War II, the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton became part of the Independent State of Croatia, a Nazi-affiliated puppet state created in April 1941. Administratively, it was part of the County of Hum, having Mostar as its capital. The puppet state collapsed in May 1945.

The Yugoslav Partisans formed the People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (later renamed to Socialist Republic), as a federal unit of Yugoslavia,[2] of which the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton became part as well. However, in the process of the collapse of the communist regime, ethnic Croats formed the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, which encompassed all Croat-majority municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including those of the West Herzegovina Canton.

During the Bosnian War, the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia was later proclaimed a republic in 1993. The following year, in 1994, it became part of the Croat-Bosniak Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which led to the formation of ten cantons in June 1996, including the West Herzegovina Canton.

Geography

[edit]

West Herzegovina Canton is located in the Herzegovina region of southwest Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has Čvrsnica mountain to the north, Croatia to the west and south, and the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton to the east. The area of the canton is 1,363 km2 (526 sq mi).[3]

The canton has three rivers: Lištica, Trebižat and Ričina, and the Blidinje Lake. Its highest peak is Pločno on the Čvrsnica mountain, 2,228 metres.[3]

Kravica waterfalls

The canton is a very mountainous area especially in Posušje (where it also becomes mountainous) and the northern parts of Široki Brijeg. The region is interlaced with karst fields with which the mountains of western and northern Herzegovina descend to the sea. Dugo polje (1150–1250 m) is the first step, followed by Rakitno polje (870–910 m), Posuško polje (580–610 m), Bekijsko polje (260–300 m), Mostarsko Blato (220 m) and Ljubuško polje (80–100 m) with which the descent ends. The rivers Lištica and Tihaljina flow through western Herzegovina, Ričina sometimes flows through the Posusje field and Ugrovača through the Kočerin field. The territory as a whole belongs to the Neretva basin or the Adriatic Sea. The highest mountains are Čvrsnica (municipality of Posušje), Čabulja (municipality of Široki Brijeg), Štitar (municipality of Posušje), Zavelim (municipality of Posušje), Kušanovac (municipality of Posušje) and (municipality of Široki Brijeg) and Radovanj ( Municipality of Posušje).

Climate

[edit]

In all towns in the canton of western Herzegovina, the sub-Mediterranean climate type prevails, except in Ljubuški, where the Mediterranean climate predominates. There is also a significant difference between the sub-Mediterranean climate in Posušje and the sub-Mediterranean climate in Široki Brijeg and Grude. In Posušje, mountain and Mediterranean influences collide, so the sub-Mediterranean climate in Posušje is harsher and closer to the temperate mountain climate prevailing in the area of Tribistovo, Radovnje, etc. Summers in western Herzegovina are hot and temperatures exceed 35 degrees. In winter, snow is also not impossible in Ljubuški, but it is more frequent and common in the northernmost towns, especially in Posušje, where it sometimes falls profusely and remains for a long time.

Politics and government

[edit]
Government seat in Široki Brijeg

Assembly

[edit]

The Assembly of the West Herzegovina Canton (Croatian: Skupština Županije Zapadnohercegovačke) is the legislature of the West Herzegovina Canton, serving as the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the West Herzegovina Canton. It has 23 representatives elected directly at the Bosnian general election. The representatives have a four-year term. The Assembly enacts the local Constitution, laws and other regulations and elects the Government.

Government

[edit]

The Government of the West Herzegovina Canton (Croatian: Vlada Županije Zapadnohercegovačke) is led by the Prime Minister who has one deputy and it consists of seven ministries. The ministries have different seats, with each municipality having two ministries, while the capital Široki Brijeg serves as the seat of the Prime Minister.

Position Portfolio Seat Officeholder Party
Prime Minister Široki Brijeg Predrag Čović HDZ BiH
Deputy Prime Minister Finance Ljubuški Blagica Leko HDZ BiH
Deputy Prime Minister Economy Posušje Dario Sesar HDZ BiH
Minister Internal Affairs Ljubuški Mladen Bebek HDZ BiH
Minister Judiciary and Administration Široki Brijeg Vjekoslav Lasić HDZ BiH
Minister Urban Development, Construction and Environment Posušje Zvonimir Širić HDZ BiH
Minister Education, Science, Culture and Sports Široki Brijeg Daniela Perić HDZ BiH
Minister Healthcare, Labour and Social Welfare Grude Tomislav Pejić HDZ BiH
Minister Veterans Grude Mladen Begić HDZ BiH

Flag and coat of arms

[edit]
Flag and emblem of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia used as flag in Canton 10 and West Herzegovina Canton
Herzeg-Bosnia flag flying in Široki Brijeg

The coat of arms is a variant of the historical Croatian coat of arms. The flag is a horizontal tricolour of red, white and blue, with the coat of arms in the middle.[4] These symbols were also used by Canton 10 and the former Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.

The flag and coat of arms were originally regulated by the cantonal constitution. However, by a decision of the Constitutional Court, the constitutional provisions on cantonal symbols were marked as unconstitutional in 1998.[5] Acting on the court's decision, the Cantonal Assembly removed the disputed provisions in 2000 and adopted a new law on the flag and coat of arms in 2003 that restored the same symbols.[4][6][7]

Economy

[edit]

According to the data of the Federal Institute for Development Programming, the West Herzegovina Canton had the nominal GDP of 487.211 million BAM, the seventh largest in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, before the Canton 10, the Bosnian Podrinje Canton Goražde and the Posavina Canton. It generated 2.90% of the total GDP of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The West Herzegovina Canton has fifth largest GDP per capita, amounting to 5,973 BAM, while the average in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is 7,188 BAM.[8]

The Mepas mall in Široki Brijeg

This region, before the war, was one of the poorest regions in BiH. Today it is one of the richest.[9][10] Despite the canton's small size in area, its agricultural sector is important. In the canton, 30,000 ha (120 sq miles) is used for agriculture; 84,000 ha (320 sq miles) is forest. Around 6,000 ha of arable land is below 100 metres in altitude. The Canton has a strong potential [clarification needed] for the production of vegetables, fruit and wine, as well as meat and milk processing plants.[10]

Infrastructure

[edit]

The West Herzegovina Canton has a central location in Herzegovina, and as such has favorable traffic characteristics. The future route of the motorway of the E73 corridor, where there is also a connection with the A1 motorway from Dubrovnik to Zagreb, which means the entire West Herzegovina Canton in encircled by two EU corridors, the E73 and the E65. The crossroad of these corridors is in the hinterland of Ploče port, making the Canton of West Herzegovina the "portal of the South East Europe".[11]

Demographics

[edit]

According to the latest census data, the vast majority of the local population is made up of Croats. The most dominant religion in the canton is Christianity, with Catholicism being the most numerous denomination. The most significant non-Christian minority are Muslims with 1.8% of the total population. Most of them were in Ljubuški.

Roman Catholic church of St. Elijah in Tihaljina, Grude

2013 Census

[edit]
Municipality Nationality Total
Croats % Bosniaks % Serbs % Other %
Ljubuški 27,327 96.96 689 2.44 23 0.08 556 1.97 28,184
Široki Brijeg 28,814 99.60 6 0.02 45 0.16 64 0.22 28,929
Posušje 20,424 99.74 2 0.01 5 0.02 12 0.06 20,477
Grude 17,206 99.41 3 0.02 10 0.06 11 0.06 17,308
Canton 93,725 98.76 700 0.74 83 0.09 354 0.37 94,898

Page text.[12]

Official holidays

[edit]
Croatian Cultural and Artistic Society "Brda"

According to local laws, the official holidays (non-working days) in the canton are:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Sarajevo, juni 2016. CENZUS OF POPULATION, HOUSEHOLDS AND DWELLINGS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 2013 FINAL RESULTS (PDF). BHAS. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  2. ^ Sancaktar, Caner (Spring 2012). "Historical Construction And Development of Bosniak Nation". Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations.
  3. ^ a b "Općenito o Županiji" (in Croatian). Government of the West Herzegovina Canton. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  4. ^ a b "Zakon O Uporabi Grba I Zastave Županije Zapadnohercegovačke" [Law on the Use of the Coat of Arms and Flag of the West Herzegovina County] (PDF), Narodne Novine Županije Zapadnohercegovačke [Official Gazette of the West Herzegovina Canton] (in Croatian), pp. 126–128, 2003-04-14, retrieved 2022-12-15
  5. ^ Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman/Ombudsmen of Bosnia and Herzegovina (October 2018), Specijalni izvještaj o izgledu, upotrebi i zaštiti državnih, odnosno službenih obilježjau Bosni i Hercegovini [Special report on the appearance, use and protection of state and official symbols in Bosnia and Herzegovina] (PDF) (in Bosnian), Banja Luka, pp. 63, 123{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ Constitution of the Western-Herzegovina Canton (PDF), OHR, 2015-12-17, p. 2, retrieved 2022-12-14
  7. ^ Heimer, Zeljko (2012-12-28), The FAME: Western Herzegovina Canton, retrieved 2022-12-15[self-published source]
  8. ^ FZZPR 2014, p. 5.
  9. ^ "Bakula: Nemamo izbora - smanjit ćemo plaće". Poskok.info. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  10. ^ a b "Poljoprivreda". Government of the West Herzegovina Canton. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  11. ^ REDAH 2010, p. 30.
  12. ^ Link text, additional text.

Books

[edit]
  • Group of authors (2010). Studija razvoja poslovnih zona u Zapadnohercegovačkoj županiji (in Croatian). Mostar: REDAH.
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