Myxococcaceae

Myxococcaceae
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Myxococcota
Class:	Myxococcia
Order:	Myxococcales
Family:	Myxococcaceae; Jahn 1924
Genera
	Aggregicoccus; Archanigium; Citreicoccus; Corallococcus; Cystobacter; Hyalangium; Melittangium; Myxococcus; Simulacricoccus; Stigmatella; Vitiosangium;
Synonyms
	Archangiaceae Jahn 1924; Cystobacteraceae McCurdy 1970;

Myxococcaceae is a family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria.^[1] The family Myxococcaceae is encompassed within the myxobacteria ("slime bacteria"). The family is ubiquitously found in soils, marine, and freshwater environments. Production of compounds with medical uses by Myxococcaceae makes them useful in human health fields.

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)^[2] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)^[3]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023^[4]^[5]^[6]

120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214^[7]^[8]^[9]

Stigmatella Berkeley & Curtis 1857 ex Berkeley & Curtis 1875

	Cystobacter gracilis

	Hyalangium Reichenbach 2007

Simulacricoccus Garcia & Muller 2018

Aggregicoccus Sood et al. 2015

Archanigium Jahn et al. 1924

	Cystobacter miniatus

	Melittangium Jahn 1924

Cystobacter Schroeter 1886

Citreicoccus Zhou et al. 2022

	Corallococcus Reichenbach 2007

	Myxococcus Thaxter 1892

Aggregicoccus

Archanigium

	Melittangium

	Cystobacter

	Hyalangium

	Stigmatella

Citreicoccus

	Myxococcus

	Corallococcus

Morphology and Behavior

Cells can be motile with gliding and swarming behavior. The vegetative cell shape in the Myxococcaceae family is long rods, which vary in size between members. The most common fruiting body morphs are soft hump and knob shaped with possible colors of yellow, peach, white, or orange depending on species. Myxococcaceae are spore producing bacteria and are delineated by their spore shape. The myxospores are oval to round and are optically refractive.^[10] Quorum sensing (QS) behavior is limited in this family. However, there is evidence that some members of the family produce molecules that interrupt the QS of other microbes, behavior potentially useful in predation.^[11]

Relevance

Bacteria in the order of Myxococcales have led to scientific discoveries including the first genome to be sequenced, the primary observation of plasmid replication, and the first discovery of bacteriophage. Members of the Myxococcaceae produce a wide range of secondary metabolites having useful functions and applications. Compounds with anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, and in rare cases, anti-HIV activities have been isolated from the Myxococcaceae.^[10]

References

^ Skerman VBD et al. (1980) Skerman, V.B.D., McGowan, V., and Sneath, P.H.A. (editors). "Approved lists of bacterial names." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1980) 30. pp. 225-420. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-1-225
^ J.P. Euzéby. "Myxococcaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
^ Sayers; et al. "Cystobacterineae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ ^a ^b Garcia, Ronald; Müller, Rolf (2014), Rosenberg, Eugene; DeLong, Edward F.; Lory, Stephen; Stackebrandt, Erko (eds.), "The Family Myxococcaceae", The Prokaryotes: Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 191–212, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39044-9_303#sec15,%20isbn%20978-3-642-39044-9,%20retrieved%202022-10-17, ISBN 978-3-642-39044-9, retrieved 2022-10-30
^ Whitworth, David E.; Zwarycz, Allison (2020-11-06). "A Genomic Survey of Signalling in the Myxococcaceae". Microorganisms. 8 (11): 1739. doi:10.3390/microorganisms8111739. hdl:2160/06d7913d-713c-47c0-b0de-c07fe2c853c8. ISSN 2076-2607.

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[1] Skerman VBD et al. (1980) Skerman, V.B.D., McGowan, V., and Sneath, P.H.A. (editors). "Approved lists of bacterial names." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1980) 30. pp. 225-420. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-1-225

[LPSN-2] J.P. Euzéby. "Myxococcaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.

[NCBI-3] Sayers; et al. "Cystobacterineae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.

[LTP-4] "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.

[5] "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.

[6] "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.

[about-7] "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

[tree-8] "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

[taxon_history-9] "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

[:0-10] Garcia, Ronald; Müller, Rolf (2014), Rosenberg, Eugene; DeLong, Edward F.; Lory, Stephen; Stackebrandt, Erko (eds.), "The Family Myxococcaceae", The Prokaryotes: Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 191–212, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39044-9_303#sec15,%20isbn%20978-3-642-39044-9,%20retrieved%202022-10-17, ISBN 978-3-642-39044-9, retrieved 2022-10-30

[11] Whitworth, David E.; Zwarycz, Allison (2020-11-06). "A Genomic Survey of Signalling in the Myxococcaceae". Microorganisms. 8 (11): 1739. doi:10.3390/microorganisms8111739. hdl:2160/06d7913d-713c-47c0-b0de-c07fe2c853c8. ISSN 2076-2607.

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Phylogeny

Morphology and Behavior

Relevance

See also

References